Pipe pig

ABSTRACT

A pipe pig is provided with linked wheels, and at least a central wheel of the linked wheels is pivotally linked to adjacent wheels through a spring loaded connection that biases the central wheel out of straight line alignment with the adjacent wheels. The pipe pig may be used to negotiate tight bends in a pipe and carry sensing electronics.

FIELD

Pipe pigs.

BACKGROUND

Pipe pigs are known that are self-propelled and that are smart, in thatthey carry and may be controlled by electronics. However, some pipeshave tight bends, for example in headers in heat exchangers, and thismakes it difficult for some smart pigs to get around the bends.Conventional pigs are configured to fit centrally within pipes, eitheroccupying the entire cross section of a pipe, or with symmetrical legscontacting the interior surface of the pipe. Although wheeled pigs areknown, the symmetrical arrangement limits the wheels to a small sizerelative to the internal diameter of the pipe.

SUMMARY

A new pipe pig is disclosed. The pipe pig is provided with linkedsegments, each segment having a size in cross section smaller than aninternal dimension of a pipe which the pipe pig is configured to enter;the pig having a biasing element for biasing the linked segments awayfrom a straight line alignment, so that adjacent segments are biasedinto contact with opposite sides of the pipe.

In an embodiment, an intermediate segment and another segment are linkedby a connector that pivots about a first axis associated with theintermediate segment. In a further embodiment, a further segment is alsoconnected to the intermediate segment by a connector that pivots aboutthe first axis. The connectors may comprise further pivotal elementsthat pivot about axes perpendicular to the first axis. The intermediatepig segment may comprise an intermediate wheel rotatable around thefirst axis, the intermediate wheel configured to contact a first portionof an internal surface of the pipe when in use. The segments connectedto the intermediate segment may comprise respectively first and secondflanking wheels rotatable around respective axes parallel to the firstaxis and configured to contact a portion of the internal surface of thepipe opposite to the first portion when in use. At least one of theintermediate wheel, first flanking wheel and second flanking wheel maybe a hub driven wheel. The second flanking wheel may be connected to towa battery pack. A video camera may be mounted on the first flankingwheel and the video camera may have a field of view directed away fromthe intermediate wheel.

A new pipe pig is disclosed. In an embodiment, the pipe pig is providedwith linked wheels, and at least a central wheel of the linked wheels ispivotally linked to adjacent wheels through a spring loaded connectionthat biases the central wheel out of straight line alignment with theadjacent wheels. The pipe pig may be used to negotiate tight bends in apipe and carry sensing electronics.

In an embodiment of a pipe pig, the pipe pig includes a body formed ofconnected wheels, the connected wheels including at least anintermediate wheel and a first flanking wheel and a second flankingwheel, each of the connected wheels having an axis about which the wheelrotates, and the axes of each of the connected wheels being parallel toeach other, the first flanking wheel being connected to the intermediatewheel by a first hinged link and the second flanking wheel beingconnected to the intermediate wheel by a second hinged link and thefirst hinged link and the second hinged link being connected by atensioner that biases the connected wheels away from a straight linealignment of the axes of the connected wheels.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

There will now be described embodiments of a pipe pig with reference tothe figures by way of example, in which like reference characters denotelike elements, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an articulated pig with linked segmentsbiased away from a straight line alignment, in a pipe.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the articulated pig ofFIG. 1 in which a connector connecting a segment on one side of anintermediate segment connects to the intermediate segment at an axialpivotal connection.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the articulated pig ofFIG. 2 in which connectors connecting a segment on both sides of anintermediate segment connect to the intermediate segment at an axialpivotal connection.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of embodiment of the articulated pig ofFIG. 3 in which the segments comprise large wheels.

FIG. 5 is a drawing of a torsion spring as an example biasing element,drawn schematically as a spiral.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an articulated smartpig.

FIG. 7 is a side view of a single wheel showing an axle configuration ofan articulated smart pig.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a wheel and connecting link arrangementfor the articulated smart pig of FIG. 1.

FIG. 9 is a side view of an embodiment of an articulated smart pig inoperation in a pipe.

FIG. 10 is a side view of a second embodiment of an articulated smartpig.

FIG. 11 is a side view of the articulated smart pig of FIG. 4 togetherwith a towed package.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIG. 1, a pipe pig 100 is formed of connected segments 102,104 and 106. The diagram is schematic and although each segment isdepicted as circular and all the same size, for the purposes of thisdiagram the segments can be taken to have any shape and can havedifferent sizes. The pig 100 is depicted within a pipe 170 having aninternal dimension, here a diameter (ID) 172. The segments are smallerin cross section than the internal diameter of the pipe so that each ofthe segments, if taken separately from the rest of the pig, could bepositioned within the pipe without touching the internal surface of thepipe. For non-round pipes, the segments need only be smaller than aninternal dimension of the pipes. The segments are connected byconnectors 110 and 116. The segments are biased using biasing element174 which biases the segments away from a straight-line alignment thusbiasing adjacent segments into contact with opposite sides of the pipe.Arrows 182, 184 and 186 indicate the general direction of bias. Thebiasing element here is depicted schematically as a spring connectingsegments 102 and 106, but is not limited to what is depicted. Furtherexamples of biasing elements will be given later.

Referring to FIG. 2, an embodiment of the pipe pig of FIG. 1 is shown inwhich the connector 110 pivots about an axis 176 associated with segment104. In this figure, arrows 182 and 186 show the general directions thebiasing element biases segments 102 and 106 relative to segment 104 ifelements of the pig other than the pivot and the biasing element arerelatively rigid.

Referring to FIG. 3, an embodiment of the pipe pig of FIG. 2 is shown inwhich connector 116 also pivots about axis 176.

Referring to FIG. 4, an embodiment of the pipe pig of FIG. 2 is shown inwhich the pig segments comprise wheels. The wheels as depicted aresufficiently large that each wheel substantially comprises the outerdiameter of the respective pig segment as viewed from a directionaligned with an axis of the wheel, but smaller wheels could be used. Inthe embodiment depicted the connectors between segments are pivotallyconnected to the segments at the same axes the wheels rotate around. Inanother embodiment, the connectors could be pivotally connected but notat the same axes as the wheel. In another embodiment, the connectorscould be not pivotally connected.

Referring to FIG. 5, an example biasing element 174 is shown comprisinga torsion spring disposed at a pivot 176 between two arms 110 and 116.The torsion spring may be adjustable for example by providing a disk(not shown) attached to one of the arms at the pivot, the attitude ofthe disk being adjustable, and connecting the torsion spring between thedisk and the other arm. Other examples of biasing elements include: Aspring connecting points on the two arms; a leaf spring connecting thepivot and points on the arms to push on the pivot relative to the arms;a piston between the arms, which may contain a gas or a fluidpressurized by a gas or a spring; a cable between points on the arms,the cable tightened for example by a coil spring attached to a reel; oractive biasing elements which may include for example, in an embodimentwhere a motor drives a wheel relative to one of the arms, a brake tobrake the other arm relative to the wheel.

Referring to FIGS. 6-8, a pipe pig 10 is formed of connected wheels 12,14 and 16. The connected wheels include at least an intermediate wheel14 and a first flanking wheel 12 and a second flanking wheel 16.Although a three wheeled pipe pig is shown, any number of wheels couldbe connected together providing there are three or more and each wheelmay house a separate set of electronics. Each of the connected wheels12, 14, 16 has an axis (respectively A, B, C) about which the wheelrotates.

The axes A and B preferably lie in the same plane, and when the wheelsare aligned in respect of the alignment of joint 24 the axes And B areparallel to each other. The axes B and C preferably lie in the sameplane, and when the wheels are aligned in respect of the alignment ofjoint 30 the axes B and C are parallel to each other. The term parallelused here means functionally parallel and likewise for being in the sameplane (coplanar). Some degree of axial misalignment is permitted withoutthe pipe pig losing it's functionally. In addition, in a group of morethan three wheels, only three wheels are required to provide a forceagainst the pipe wall to provide traction. In a group of six wheels, thewheels may be grouped into two groups of three, both of which groups mayhave independent traction and other functionality. When there are twogroups of three in series, the groups may be connected by a swivel jointthat allows the two groups of wheels to rotate relative to each otherabout the axis of a pipe in which they are operating.

Wheel 12 is connected to wheel 14 by a hinged link 20 formed ofconnecting arms 21 and 22 that are hinged together by a joint 24 havingan axis D that is perpendicular to the axes A and B and that lies on aline connecting the centers of the wheels 12 and 14. Wheel 16 isconnected to wheel 14 by a hinged link 26 formed of connecting arms 27and 28 that are hinged together by a joint 30 having an axis E that isperpendicular to the axes C and B and that lies on a line connecting thecenters of the wheels 16 and 14. The hinged link 20 and the hinged link26 are connected by a tensioner (biasing element, not shown) that biasesthe connected wheels 12, 14 and 16 away from a straight line alignmentof the axes of the connected wheels. The tensioner thus forces thewheels 12, 14 and 16 into a V-shape. If there are five wheels in thepipe pig 10, each intermediate wheel being biased out of straight linearrangement by a tensioner, then the wheels form a W shape.

The wheels 12, 14 and 16, or others if present, may have any suitablediameter but preferably have a diameter more than half the insidediameter (ID) of a pipe 170 that the pipe pig is going to be used in andless than the ID of the pipe. The wheels 12, 14 and 16 may each have asmooth rounded traction surface 36 since that has been found to assistin frictional engagement of the wheel with the inner surface of a pipe.The traction surfaces 36 may have a radius of curvature in a plane thatincludes the wheel axis that is close to but less than the radius ofcurvature of the pipe the pipe pig is intended to be used in. In apreferred embodiment the wheels may be about 3 inches in diameter with acurved outer surface for more surface area in contact with a pipeinterior wall, for use in a pipe of 4 inch internal diameter. It ispreferred that the wheels have as much traction as possible with theinterior of the pipe. Smooth rounded traction surface 36 may be made ofa soft material to enhance traction. Preferably, for larger diameterpipes larger diameter power wheels are used, as larger wheels have morecontact surface area allowing more traction to pull larger units.

The hinged links 20 and 26 rotate relative to each other about the axisB of the intermediate wheel 14. One of the hinged links 20 and 26, herehinged link 26, may lie on top of the other hinged link. An arrangementmay also be provided with the hinged links 20 and 26 on opposite sidesof the intermediate wheel 14, but this makes it harder to run wiresbetween the wheels and it is better to have the hinged links connect tothe intermediate wheel on the same side of the wheel. The hinged linksmay also be provided on both sides of each wheel. In such an embodiment,where there are hinged links on each side of the wheels, the hingedlinks on one side need not meet between the wheels.

The outer or upper hinged link, link 26 in FIG. 6 and FIG. 8, mayconnect to a central shaft or axle 40 shown in FIG. 7. The inner hingedlink 20 may be connected, for example by a friction fit supplementedwith suitable connectors, to an outer shaft 42. The central shaft 40 maybe journalled within the outer shaft 42. The hinged links 20, 26 maythus rotate relative to each other about the axis B. The outer shaft 42may be journalled within an electromagnet 44. By including a suitablemagnet in the outer shaft 42, for example a permanent magnet, energizingthe electromagnet 44 may cause the wheel 14 to rotate about the shafts40, 42, and the wheel 14 will thus function as a hub driven wheel orwheel with a hub motor. Electrical energy may be supplied to theelectromagnet 44 through a cable 46 that runs along the hinged links 20,26.

FIG. 9 shows an embodiment in which the hinged links connect on the sameside of all wheels. This embodiment is shown in a pipe 170.

A further embodiment of a pipe pig is shown in FIG. 10 with wheel pairs50, 52, 54, 56 and 58 and connecting links 51, 53, 55 and 57. In anembodiment with paired wheels, there are at least 6 wheels (3 pairs).The connecting links on either side of a pair of wheels both may connectto an axle connecting the wheels in a pair. One or both wheels of a pairof wheels may be a hub driven wheel. Any one or more or all of the pairsof wheels may have one or more hub motors. A tensioner may be providedbetween each pair of connecting links. Each connecting link may end witha yoke that engages an axle of the wheels. The tensioner may comprise acoil spring that lies between adjacent yokes of respective connectinglinks and is fastened to each link to resist relative rotation of theconnecting links about the axle between the pair of wheels. In anotherembodiment, the tensioner may comprise a leaf spring anchored to oneconnecting link at an axle between a pair of wheels and pressing againstthe other connecting link that connects to the same axle. The tensioneris set so that the pipe pig in the resting state occupies a widthgreater than the pipe ID for which the pipe pig is intended to be used.In the embodiment of FIG. 10, the wheel diameter is less than half theID of the pipe that the pig is to be used in. In a preferred embodiment,both wheels in a pair may be individually driven and controlled to causethe pair of wheels to twist, allowing the pig to be oriented within thepipe, for example to negotiate a “T” intersection in the pipe or to goaround a 180 degree bend. In a preferred embodiment, all wheels aredriven and controlled. More wheels allow more total driving force,useful for example to pull sensor instruments such as an eddy currentand/or non-destructive testing (NDT) unit through the pipe.

In the embodiment of FIG. 11, a pipe pig 10 has its rearward flankingwheel 16 connected to tow a battery pack 60. In an embodiment thebattery pack may be mounted on a pig segment having wheels. In theembodiments of FIGS. 6 and 11, the pipe pig 10 may have a video camera62 mounted on the flanking wheel 12 with the video camera 62 having afield of view directed away from the intermediate wheel 14. Videocameras for pipe pigs are known. Any suitable video camera may be used.The video camera may deliver video to a memory carried by the pipe pigor to a tether if the pipe pig is run with a tether or sent wirelesslyto a remote server or transmitted along the pipe walls. The pipe pig mayalso carry any conventional sensor used in pipe inspection, for exampleto detect corrosion or pipe thickness variation. Signals from the sensormay be stored or communicated as with the video data.

Preliminary embodiments have been made using parts (motors, wheels andelectronic components) sourced from Japan, but for mass production couldbe made in several countries.

Immaterial modifications may be made to the embodiments described herewithout departing from what is covered by the claims. In the claims, theword “comprising” is used in its inclusive sense and does not excludeother elements being present. The indefinite articles “a” and “an”before a claim feature do not exclude more than one of the feature beingpresent. Each one of the individual features described here may be usedin one or more embodiments and is not, by virtue only of being describedhere, to be construed as essential to all embodiments as defined by theclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An articulated pig for pigging a pipe having aninternal dimension, the articulated pig comprising: at least anintermediate pig segment, a first flanking pig segment, and a secondflanking pig segment, each of the intermediate pig segment, firstflanking pig segment, and second flanking pig segment being smaller incross section than the internal dimension of the pipe; the firstflanking pig segment being connected to the intermediate pig segment bya first connector, and the second flanking pig segment being connectedto the intermediate pig segment by a second connector; and a biasingelement for biasing the first flanking pig segment, second flanking pigsegment and intermediate pig segment away from a straight line alignmentand against respective portions of an internal surface of the pipe . 2.The articulated pig of claim 1 in which the first connector pivots abouta first axis associated with the intermediate segment.
 3. Thearticulated pig of claim 2 in which the second connector also pivotsabout the first axis.
 4. The articulated pig of claim 3 in which thefirst connector and the second connector comprise hinged links.
 5. Thearticulated pig of claim 4 in which the hinged links each comprise arespective hinge with a pivotal axis perpendicular to the first axis. 6.The articulated pig of claim 5 in which the intermediate pig segmentcomprises an intermediate wheel rotatable around the first axis, theintermediate wheel configured to contact a first portion of the internalsurface of the pipe when in use.
 7. The articulated pig of claim 6 inwhich the first flanking pig segment and the second flanking pig segmentcomprise respectively first and second flanking wheels rotatable aroundrespective axes respectively coplanar with the first axis, the wheelsconfigured to contact a second portion of the internal surface of thepipe opposite to the first portion when in use.
 8. The articulated pigof claim 7 in which at least one of the intermediate wheel, the firstflanking wheel and the second flanking wheel is a hub driven wheel. 9.The articulated pig of claim 7 in which the second flanking wheel isconnected to tow a battery pack.
 10. The articulated pig of claim 7further comprising a video camera mounted on the first flanking wheeland the video camera having a field of view directed away from theintermediate wheel.
 11. The articulated pig of claim 3 in which theintermediate pig segment comprises an intermediate wheel rotatablearound the first axis, the intermediate wheel configured to contact afirst portion of the internal surface of the pipe when in use.
 12. Thearticulated pig of claim 11 in which the first flanking pig segment andthe second flanking pig segment comprise respectively first and secondflanking wheels rotatable around respective axes respectively coplanarwith the first axis, the wheels configured to contact a second portionof the internal surface of the pipe opposite to the first portion whenin use.
 13. The articulated pig of claim 12 in which at least one of theintermediate wheel, the first flanking wheel and the second flankingwheel is a hub driven wheel.
 14. The articulated pig of claim 13 inwhich the second flanking wheel is connected to tow a battery pack. 15.The articulated pig of claim 14 further comprising a video cameramounted on the first flanking wheel and the video camera having a fieldof view directed away from the intermediate wheel.
 16. The articulatedpig of claim 4 in which the intermediate pig segment comprises anintermediate wheel rotatable around the first axis, the intermediatewheel configured to contact a first portion of the internal surface ofthe pipe when in use.
 17. The articulated pig of claim 16 in which thefirst flanking pig segment and the second flanking pig segment compriserespectively first and second flanking wheels rotatable aroundrespective axes respectively coplanar with the first axis, the wheelsconfigured to contact a portion of the internal surface of the pipeopposite to the first portion when in use.
 18. The articulated pig ofclaim 17 in which at least one of the intermediate wheel, the firstflanking wheel and the second flanking wheel is a hub driven wheel. 19.The articulated pig of claim 18 in which the second flanking wheel isconnected to tow a battery pack.
 20. The articulated pig of claim 19further comprising a video camera mounted on the first flanking wheeland the video camera having a field of view directed away from theintermediate wheel.